Energy mix by country
Data from 2024 show that 60.16 percent of electricity worldwide was produced from fossil fuels;
8.38 percent from wind;
6.98 percent from solar installations;
15.04 percent from hydroelectric sources;
9.14 percent from nuclear plants;
and 0.3 percent from geothermal sources.
Fossil fuels were 61.3 percent in 1990 and, with the growth of China and other emerging markets, increased to 69.5 percent in 2012.
The percent then declined to 60.2 percent in 2024, with the expansion of renewable energy production.
Wind and solar increased from essentially 0 in 1990 to 8.4 percent and 7 percent, respectively, in 2024, while nuclear power declined from 17.2 percent in 1990 to 9.1 percent in 2024.
Hydroelectricity also declined in relative importance from 21 percent in 1990 to 15 percent in 2024.
These are our calculations based on data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
See also our data on electricity prices by country.
World electricity generation from various sources, 2024
World electricity production over time, by source (1990-2024)
World electricity mix over time, by source (1990-2024)
Hydro: Paraguay generates nearly all of its electricity from hydropower, at 100 percent, one of the highest shares in the world. Bhutan (100 percent) and Central African Republic (99.2 percent) also rely heavily on hydroelectric generation.
Wind: Denmark leads in wind power, drawing 73.3 percent of its electricity from wind turbines, followed by Lithuania (62.8 percent) and Uruguay (49.7 percent).
Nuclear: France generates over half its electricity from nuclear power, at 68.4 percent, alongside Slovakia (68.1 percent) and Ukraine (53.9 percent).
Geothermal: Kenya draws 45.9 percent of its electricity from geothermal sources, among the highest shares globally. Iceland (29.2 percent) and El Salvador (27.1 percent) also draw significantly on geothermal energy.
The table below shows the percent of electricity produced by source for each country.
See country rankings by clicking on the column titles to sort the data.
| Country | Fossil | Wind | Solar | Hydro | Nuclear | Geothermal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 13.21 | 0.00 | 10.87 | 75.93 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Albania | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.07 | 95.93 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Algeria | 98.92 | 0.02 | 1.03 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Angola | 26.38 | 0.00 | 2.84 | 70.78 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 92.84 | 0.00 | 7.16 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Argentina | 56.35 | 11.03 | 2.70 | 22.73 | 7.20 | 0.00 |
| Armenia | 38.95 | 0.02 | 9.75 | 22.15 | 29.12 | 0.00 |
| Aruba | 83.34 | 13.68 | 2.98 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Australia | 61.93 | 13.29 | 19.69 | 5.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Austria | 15.09 | 13.20 | 5.43 | 66.28 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Azerbaijan | 88.58 | 0.32 | 0.28 | 10.82 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Bahamas | 99.04 | 0.04 | 0.91 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Bahrain | 99.72 | 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Bangladesh | 98.11 | 0.00 | 1.20 | 0.69 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Barbados | 91.11 | 0.00 | 8.89 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Belarus | 63.43 | 0.45 | 0.58 | 0.88 | 34.66 | 0.00 |
| Belgium | 23.03 | 20.38 | 12.42 | 0.80 | 43.37 | 0.00 |
| Belize | 18.41 | 0.00 | 3.90 | 77.69 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Benin | 96.25 | 0.00 | 3.74 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Bermuda | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Bhutan | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 99.99 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Bolivia | 68.14 | 3.64 | 3.05 | 25.17 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 63.58 | 2.78 | 1.20 | 32.44 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Botswana | 99.80 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Brazil | 10.59 | 15.55 | 10.11 | 61.53 | 2.21 | 0.00 |
| Brunei | 99.90 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Bulgaria | 30.51 | 3.76 | 14.79 | 7.91 | 43.04 | 0.00 |
| Burkina Faso | 87.72 | 0.00 | 6.65 | 5.64 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Burma (Myanmar) | 52.79 | 0.00 | 0.57 | 46.64 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Burundi | 24.88 | 0.00 | 0.47 | 74.65 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Cambodia | 56.22 | 0.00 | 5.07 | 38.71 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Cameroon | 26.99 | 0.00 | 0.57 | 72.44 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Canada | 20.72 | 7.69 | 1.30 | 56.73 | 13.56 | 0.00 |
| Cape Verde | 68.93 | 15.34 | 15.72 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Central African Republic | 0.78 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 99.22 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Chad | 96.57 | 2.48 | 0.94 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Chile | 31.75 | 12.47 | 24.14 | 31.10 | 0.00 | 0.54 |
| China | 62.74 | 10.01 | 8.42 | 14.30 | 4.53 | 0.00 |
| Colombia | 34.67 | 0.96 | 5.26 | 59.11 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Comoros | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Croatia | 28.69 | 17.15 | 5.78 | 48.26 | 0.00 | 0.12 |
| Cuba | 97.72 | 0.36 | 1.28 | 0.64 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Cyprus | 76.73 | 3.61 | 19.66 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Czechia | 44.82 | 1.02 | 6.90 | 3.84 | 43.43 | 0.00 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 0.03 | 0.00 | 15.77 | 84.21 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Denmark | 12.76 | 73.28 | 13.89 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Djibouti | 65.04 | 34.39 | 0.56 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Dominica | 84.38 | 0.65 | 0.00 | 14.97 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Dominican Republic | 81.87 | 5.46 | 6.52 | 6.15 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Ecuador | 27.89 | 0.70 | 0.14 | 71.28 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Egypt | 87.85 | 2.90 | 2.37 | 6.88 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| El Salvador | 11.94 | 2.53 | 24.15 | 34.28 | 0.00 | 27.10 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 73.20 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 26.80 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Eritrea | 87.99 | 0.22 | 11.79 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Estonia | 52.09 | 27.92 | 19.19 | 0.80 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Ethiopia | 0.01 | 3.37 | 0.25 | 96.19 | 0.00 | 0.17 |
| Faroe Islands | 54.28 | 18.62 | 0.00 | 27.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Fiji | 40.26 | 0.25 | 1.43 | 58.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Finland | 4.59 | 28.53 | 1.84 | 20.30 | 44.74 | 0.00 |
| France | 5.06 | 8.73 | 4.44 | 13.39 | 68.37 | 0.02 |
| Gabon | 64.81 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 35.15 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Gambia | 98.94 | 0.39 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Georgia | 20.18 | 0.63 | 0.25 | 78.94 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Germany | 48.21 | 30.25 | 16.31 | 5.20 | 0.00 | 0.03 |
| Ghana | 63.83 | 0.00 | 0.71 | 35.46 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Gibraltar | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Greece | 52.94 | 22.34 | 19.03 | 5.70 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Grenada | 98.05 | 0.08 | 1.86 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Guatemala | 40.68 | 3.03 | 2.26 | 51.26 | 0.00 | 2.77 |
| Guinea | 24.82 | 0.00 | 0.71 | 74.47 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 96.03 | 0.00 | 3.97 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Guyana | 98.21 | 0.03 | 1.47 | 0.29 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Haiti | 80.97 | 0.00 | 0.53 | 18.51 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Honduras | 47.77 | 6.41 | 10.17 | 32.65 | 0.00 | 3.01 |
| Hong Kong | 99.39 | 0.00 | 0.61 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Hungary | 27.39 | 1.83 | 26.84 | 0.65 | 43.27 | 0.01 |
| Iceland | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 70.65 | 0.00 | 29.23 |
| India | 78.45 | 4.49 | 6.70 | 7.66 | 2.71 | 0.00 |
| Indonesia | 87.97 | 0.12 | 0.36 | 7.14 | 0.00 | 4.41 |
| Iran | 93.26 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 4.63 | 1.66 | 0.00 |
| Iraq | 98.38 | 0.00 | 0.29 | 1.34 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Ireland | 55.40 | 38.34 | 3.70 | 2.56 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Israel | 89.63 | 0.00 | 10.37 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Italy | 53.12 | 8.96 | 14.51 | 21.27 | 0.00 | 2.15 |
| Ivory Coast | 71.75 | 0.00 | 0.19 | 28.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Jamaica | 88.39 | 6.05 | 3.09 | 2.47 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Japan | 69.50 | 1.29 | 11.19 | 8.05 | 9.56 | 0.41 |
| Jordan | 75.93 | 7.38 | 16.61 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Kazakhstan | 86.82 | 2.16 | 2.06 | 8.96 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Kenya | 8.65 | 16.64 | 5.05 | 23.73 | 0.00 | 45.93 |
| Kiribati | 79.41 | 0.00 | 20.59 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Kuwait | 97.76 | 2.02 | 0.23 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 11.23 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 88.77 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Laos | 23.30 | 0.00 | 0.17 | 76.53 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Latvia | 31.23 | 5.05 | 4.45 | 59.27 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Lebanon | 56.57 | 0.11 | 30.11 | 13.20 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Lesotho | 38.96 | 0.00 | 22.22 | 19.35 | 0.00 | 19.48 |
| Liberia | 46.07 | 0.00 | 1.01 | 52.92 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Libya | 99.97 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Lithuania | 13.93 | 62.80 | 15.19 | 8.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Luxembourg | 5.15 | 39.96 | 44.77 | 10.12 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Macao | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Madagascar | 58.42 | 0.02 | 4.00 | 37.56 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Malawi | 4.29 | 0.00 | 0.77 | 94.94 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Malaysia | 81.98 | 0.00 | 1.31 | 16.71 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Maldives | 92.36 | 0.23 | 7.41 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Mali | 81.45 | 0.00 | 2.94 | 15.61 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Malta | 85.34 | 0.03 | 14.64 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Mauritania | 77.20 | 4.97 | 7.70 | 10.13 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Mauritius | 90.63 | 0.30 | 5.51 | 3.56 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Mexico | 78.61 | 5.13 | 6.28 | 5.92 | 3.13 | 0.94 |
| Moldova | 89.66 | 3.47 | 1.62 | 5.24 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Mongolia | 91.08 | 5.78 | 2.42 | 0.73 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Montenegro | 37.76 | 8.92 | 0.51 | 52.81 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Montserrat | 86.27 | 0.00 | 13.73 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Morocco | 75.66 | 16.73 | 5.68 | 1.92 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Mozambique | 16.69 | 0.00 | 0.42 | 82.89 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Namibia | 2.97 | 1.33 | 35.15 | 60.55 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Nepal | 0.00 | 0.06 | 1.06 | 98.88 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Netherlands | 47.77 | 29.90 | 19.19 | 0.08 | 3.06 | 0.00 |
| New Caledonia | 73.07 | 1.38 | 8.27 | 17.29 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| New Zealand | 14.26 | 9.96 | 0.85 | 54.26 | 0.00 | 20.67 |
| Nicaragua | 46.86 | 15.49 | 0.82 | 17.89 | 0.00 | 18.94 |
| Niger | 97.12 | 0.00 | 2.88 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Nigeria | 75.12 | 0.00 | 0.34 | 24.54 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| North Korea | 36.64 | 0.00 | 0.63 | 62.73 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| North Macedonia | 62.54 | 2.70 | 12.48 | 22.27 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Norway | 0.91 | 9.36 | 0.26 | 89.47 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Oman | 95.58 | 0.25 | 4.17 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Pakistan | 52.35 | 4.57 | 0.96 | 26.67 | 15.44 | 0.00 |
| Panama | 32.13 | 7.18 | 7.43 | 53.27 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Papua New Guinea | 76.60 | 0.00 | 0.15 | 21.22 | 0.00 | 2.04 |
| Paraguay | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Peru | 40.30 | 3.56 | 1.63 | 54.51 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Philippines | 80.39 | 1.22 | 1.69 | 8.21 | 0.00 | 8.49 |
| Poland | 73.75 | 15.82 | 9.28 | 1.15 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Portugal | 15.64 | 33.00 | 16.04 | 34.93 | 0.00 | 0.39 |
| Puerto Rico | 94.07 | 0.88 | 4.83 | 0.23 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Qatar | 96.20 | 0.00 | 3.80 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Republic of the Congo | 79.55 | 0.00 | 0.21 | 20.24 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Romania | 27.88 | 12.87 | 9.30 | 29.53 | 20.41 | 0.00 |
| Russia | 62.03 | 0.72 | 0.28 | 18.32 | 18.62 | 0.04 |
| Rwanda | 50.40 | 0.00 | 3.63 | 45.97 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Saint Lucia | 97.71 | 0.00 | 2.29 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 85.74 | 0.00 | 1.53 | 12.73 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Samoa | 62.29 | 0.09 | 17.95 | 19.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 93.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 6.82 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Saudi Arabia | 99.29 | 0.39 | 0.32 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Senegal | 81.36 | 5.51 | 9.01 | 4.12 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Serbia | 67.78 | 3.66 | 0.33 | 28.23 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Seychelles | 84.61 | 0.96 | 14.43 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Sierra Leone | 3.43 | 0.00 | 11.34 | 85.23 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Singapore | 97.69 | 0.00 | 2.31 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Slovakia | 13.17 | 0.01 | 2.57 | 16.19 | 68.06 | 0.00 |
| Slovenia | 24.06 | 0.04 | 11.01 | 31.40 | 33.49 | 0.00 |
| Solomon Islands | 92.73 | 0.00 | 6.35 | 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Somalia | 80.67 | 1.47 | 17.86 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| South Africa | 83.84 | 5.16 | 6.61 | 1.19 | 3.20 | 0.00 |
| South Korea | 59.25 | 0.59 | 5.97 | 0.75 | 33.45 | 0.00 |
| Spain | 23.15 | 23.17 | 21.09 | 12.81 | 19.78 | 0.00 |
| Sri Lanka | 45.44 | 5.25 | 6.90 | 42.41 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Sudan | 20.46 | 0.00 | 1.09 | 78.45 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Suriname | 47.41 | 0.00 | 0.79 | 51.81 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Swaziland | 4.03 | 0.00 | 7.76 | 88.21 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Sweden | 0.55 | 25.80 | 1.97 | 40.51 | 31.18 | 0.00 |
| Switzerland | 0.38 | 0.23 | 7.58 | 60.70 | 31.11 | 0.00 |
| Syria | 96.55 | 0.00 | 0.41 | 3.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Taiwan | 85.04 | 3.72 | 5.42 | 1.49 | 4.32 | 0.01 |
| Tajikistan | 5.41 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 94.59 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Tanzania | 67.64 | 0.05 | 0.40 | 31.91 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Thailand | 91.28 | 2.05 | 3.23 | 3.45 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Togo | 71.00 | 0.00 | 17.71 | 11.29 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Tonga | 87.86 | 1.35 | 10.79 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 99.93 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Tunisia | 95.60 | 1.71 | 2.63 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Turkey | 54.76 | 11.24 | 9.22 | 22.10 | 0.00 | 2.68 |
| Turkmenistan | 99.98 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Uganda | 3.18 | 0.00 | 3.14 | 93.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Ukraine | 30.85 | 1.16 | 4.77 | 9.33 | 53.89 | 0.00 |
| United Arab Emirates | 71.53 | 0.00 | 5.40 | 0.00 | 23.07 | 0.00 |
| United Kingdom | 39.11 | 35.81 | 6.39 | 2.56 | 16.14 | 0.00 |
| Uruguay | 1.46 | 49.75 | 5.40 | 43.39 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| USA | 58.66 | 10.40 | 6.99 | 5.59 | 18.00 | 0.35 |
| Uzbekistan | 88.72 | 0.00 | 0.68 | 10.59 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Vanuatu | 74.98 | 5.00 | 8.76 | 11.26 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Venezuela | 8.86 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 91.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Vietnam | 54.63 | 4.31 | 10.41 | 30.65 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Yemen | 88.72 | 0.00 | 11.28 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Zambia | 12.60 | 0.00 | 0.85 | 86.55 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Zimbabwe | 43.41 | 0.00 | 0.36 | 56.23 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
